Attention:
- Research a case study
- Discuss how the initial conditions set conditions which developed into an incident/accident/mishap
- Relate similar personal experience of the same type of incident/accident/mishap
Motivator:
- While it is usually preferable to takeoff into the wind, but most situations will not be a pure headwind, and some crosswind component will exist
- One example of where you may want to takeoff with a tailwind would be rising terrain, or perhaps if in a glider, a lack of landing options in a rope break
- No matter what situation you have, always run the numbers and do not exceed the aircraft's limits
Overview:
Topic:
Time:
Introduction:
0:05
Ground Reference Maneuvers:
0:15
Review (quiz):
0:05
Case Studies:
0:05
Total Ground Time:
0:30
Required Materials:
- Paper, Pen, Marker, Whiteboard
Instructor Actions:
Student Actions:
- Complete assigned reading (see content above)
- Ask pertinent questions
Ground Reference Maneuvers Completion Standards:
- To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground reference maneuvering which may include a rectangular course, Sturns, and turns around a point
- Note: See Appendix 7: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
- References: 14 CFR part 61; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3
Ground Reference Maneuvers Knowledge:
The applicant must demonstrate an understanding of:-
PA.V.B.K1:
Purpose of ground reference maneuvers -
PA.V.B.K2:
Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference point -
PA.V.B.K3:
Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn -
PA.V.B.K4:
Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern
Ground Reference Maneuvers Risk Management:
The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:-
PA.V.B.R1:
Failure to divide attention between airplane control and orientation -
PA.V.B.R2:
Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires -
PA.V.B.R3:
Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT -
PA.V.B.R4:
Distractions, improper task management, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation -
PA.V.B.R5:
Failure to maintain coordinated flight
Ground Reference Maneuvers Skills:
The applicant demonstrates the ability to:-
PA.V.B.S1:
Clear the area -
PA.V.B.S2:
Select a suitable ground reference area, line, or point as appropriate -
PA.V.B.S3:
Plan the maneuver: (the evaluator must select at least one maneuver for the applicant to demonstrate)-
PA.V.B.S3a:
Rectangular course: enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg -
PA.V.B.S3b:
S-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area -
PA.V.B.S3c:
Turns around a point: enter at an appropriate distance from the reference point, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
-
-
PA.V.B.S4:
Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point -
PA.V.B.S5:
If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction, as specified by the evaluator -
PA.V.B.S6:
Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight -
PA.V.B.S7:
Maintain altitude ±100 feet; maintain airspeed ±10 knots
Re-Motivation:
Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson