Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan

Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) • ACS Area V, Task F

The Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan covers the knowledge, risk management, and skills required by FAA-S-ACS-16.

Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan

Introduction

  • Attention Getter:

    • Present a realistic commercial helicopter operation in which the outcome depends on sound shallow approach and running/roll-on landing knowledge, risk management, and technique.
    • Ask the learner to identify the earliest decision or control input that protects the available safety margin.

  • Motivator:

    • To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with shallow approach and running/roll-on landing operation.

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Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan

Materials

  • Required Materials:

    • FAA-S-ACS-16, Commercial Pilot for Rotorcraft Category Helicopter Rating Airman Certification Standards.
    • Model-specific Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM), approved checklist, and performance data.
    • Student training record and applicable lesson records.

  • Reference Materials:

Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan

Instructor Actions

  • State the ACS objective and establish the commercial operating context.
  • Knowledge Elements:
    • Explain, correlate, and assess the learner's understanding of Elements related to shallow approach and running/roll-on landing, including when to use the maneuver, aircraft limitations, and effect of landing surface texture. (CH.V.F.K1)
    • Explain, correlate, and assess the learner's understanding of Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude. (CH.V.F.K2)
  • Risk Management:
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind. (CH.V.F.R1)
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Effects of: (CH.V.F.R2)
      • Wind Direction (CH.V.F.R2a)
      • Windshear (CH.V.F.R2b)
      • Turbulence, including wake turbulence (CH.V.F.R2c)
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Planning for: (CH.V.F.R3)
      • Powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight (CH.V.F.R3a)
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Collision hazards. (CH.V.F.R4)
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Landing surface. (CH.V.F.R5)
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Dynamic rollover. (CH.V.F.R6)
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Ground resonance. (CH.V.F.R7)
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Aircraft limitations. (CH.V.F.R8)
    • Use a commercial helicopter scenario to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation. (CH.V.F.R9)
  • Skill Development:
    • Demonstrate, coach, and assess the learner's ability to Complete the appropriate checklist(s). (CH.V.F.S1)
    • Demonstrate, coach, and assess the learner's ability to Make radio calls as appropriate. (CH.V.F.S2)
    • Demonstrate, coach, and assess the learner's ability to Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits. (CH.V.F.S3)
    • Demonstrate, coach, and assess the learner's ability to Establish and maintain the recommended approach angle and proper rate of closure. (CH.V.F.S4)
    • Demonstrate, coach, and assess the learner's ability to Determine wind direction and maintain ground track with crosswind correction. (CH.V.F.S5)
    • Demonstrate, coach, and assess the learner's ability to Maintain effective translational lift during surface contact with landing gear parallel to the ground track. (CH.V.F.S6)
    • Demonstrate, coach, and assess the learner's ability to Make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs after surface contact to maintain directional control. (CH.V.F.S7)
    • Demonstrate, coach, and assess the learner's ability to Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable. (CH.V.F.S8)
  • Syllabus Objective Coverage:
    • Explain elements related to shallow approach and running/roll-on landing, including when to use the maneuver, aircraft limitations, and effect of landing surface texture.
    • Explain effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
    • Assess and manage selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
    • Identify and assess the hazards associated with effects of.
    • Select and justify effective controls for the risks associated with effects of.
    • Assess and manage wind Direction.
    • Assess and manage windshear.
    • Assess and manage turbulence, including wake turbulence.
    • Identify and assess the hazards associated with planning for.
    • Select and justify effective controls for the risks associated with planning for.
    • Assess and manage powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight.
    • Identify and assess the hazards associated with collision hazards.
    • Select and justify effective controls for the risks associated with collision hazards.
    • Assess and manage landing surface.
    • Assess and manage dynamic rollover.
    • Assess and manage ground resonance.
    • Assess and manage aircraft limitations.
    • Identify and assess the hazards associated with distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
    • Select and justify effective controls for the risks associated with distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
    • Demonstrate the ability to complete the appropriate checklist(s).
    • Demonstrate the ability to make radio calls as appropriate.
    • Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
    • Establish and maintain the recommended approach angle and proper rate of closure.
    • Determine wind direction and maintain ground track with crosswind correction.
    • Maintain effective translational lift during surface contact with landing gear parallel to the ground track.
    • Demonstrate make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs after surface contact to maintain directional control.
    • Demonstrate the ability to use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
  • Require the learner to use the RFM, checklist, limitations, and current operational information, then document deficiencies and retraining.
Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan

Guided Scenario(s)

  • Place the learner in a realistic commercial helicopter operation involving passengers, schedule pressure, changing weather or landing-area conditions, and aircraft performance limitations.
  • Require the learner to identify, assess, and mitigate Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
  • Require the learner to brief, perform, or explain how to Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • Introduce a meaningful change in wind, power available, landing area, traffic, system status, fuel, or external pressure and require a new decision.
  • Conclude with a self-critique tied to every applicable ACS element and the commercial standard of care.
Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan

Student Actions

  • Complete assigned readings and review the model-specific RFM and checklist.
  • Explain each applicable knowledge element in operational context.
  • Identify, assess, and mitigate each applicable risk.
  • Demonstrate or explain each applicable skill within ACS standards and helicopter limitations.
  • Perform a self-assessment and make appropriate go/no-go, continue/divert, or discontinue decisions.
Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan

Airman Certification Standards

Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Airman Certification Standards

  • Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with shallow approach and running/roll-on landing operation.
  • References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Knowledge 2 ACS Elements
  • CH.V.F.K2:
    Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
Risk Management 9 ACS Elements
  • CH.V.F.R1:
    Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
  • CH.V.F.R2:
    Effects of:
    • CH.V.F.R2a:
      Wind Direction
    • CH.V.F.R2b:
      Windshear
    • CH.V.F.R2c:
      Turbulence, including wake turbulence
  • CH.V.F.R3:
    Planning for:
    • CH.V.F.R3a:
      Powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight
  • CH.V.F.R4:
    Collision hazards.
  • CH.V.F.R5:
    Landing surface.
  • CH.V.F.R6:
    Dynamic rollover.
  • CH.V.F.R7:
    Ground resonance.
  • CH.V.F.R8:
    Aircraft limitations.
  • CH.V.F.R9:
    Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Skills 8 ACS Elements
  • CH.V.F.S1:
    Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • CH.V.F.S2:
    Make radio calls as appropriate.
  • CH.V.F.S3:
    Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
  • CH.V.F.S5:
    Determine wind direction and maintain ground track with crosswind correction.
  • CH.V.F.S6:
    Maintain effective translational lift during surface contact with landing gear parallel to the ground track.
  • CH.V.F.S7:
    Make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs after surface contact to maintain directional control.
  • CH.V.F.S8:
    Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Commercial Pilot (Helicopter) Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Lesson Plan

Conclusion

  • Re-Motivation:

    • Commercial-level shallow approach and running/roll-on landing proficiency protects passengers, the aircraft, and the operator's safety margin.

  • Closure:

    • Review the objective, identified risks, performance strengths, and items requiring additional training.
    • Record the learner's progress and assign the next applicable lesson.