Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Helicopter) • ACS Area VIII, Task F

The Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan covers the knowledge, risk management, and skills required by FAA-S-ACS-15.

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan

Introduction

  • Schedule

    Topic:
    Time:
    Attention/Motivator:
    0:05
    Part 1, Lesson Introduction:
    0:05
    Part 2, Knowledge Elements:
    0:20
    Part 3, Risk Management:
    0:15
    Part 4, Skill Development:
    0:30
    Part 5, Guided Scenario(s):
    0:20
    Part 6, Lesson Conclusion:
    0:05
    Remotivation/Closure:
    0:05
    Total Ground Time:
    0:00

  • Attention Getter:

    • Present a helicopter scenario in which the outcome depends on sound low rotor revolutions per minute (rpm) recognition and recovery knowledge, risk management, and technique.
    • Ask the student to identify the earliest decision or control input that determines a safe outcome.

  • Motivator:

    • To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with low rotor rpm recognition and recovery.

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Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan

Materials

  • Required Materials:

    • Writing instrument and instructional surface.
    • FAA-S-ACS-15, Private Pilot for Rotorcraft Category Helicopter Rating Airman Certification Standards.
    • Student training record and applicable lesson records.

  • Optional Materials:

    • Model-specific Pilot's Operating Handbook or Rotorcraft Flight Manual (POH/RFM).
    • Manufacturer-approved checklist and performance data.
    • Current charts, Chart Supplement, NOTAMs, and electronic flight bag, as applicable.
    • Helicopter, cockpit procedures trainer, or approved training device, as appropriate.

  • Reference Materials:

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan

Instructor Actions

  • Before the lesson, review the reference materials, helicopter limitations, and local operating considerations.
  • Part 1, Lesson Introduction:
    • Present the attention getter and motivator.
    • Review Area of Operation VIII, Task F, and the Airman Certification Standards.
    • State the lesson objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with low rotor rpm recognition and recovery.
  • Part 2, Knowledge Elements:
    • Explain and discuss PH.VIII.F.K1: Elements related to low rotor rpm recovery energy management, including the combination of conditions that may lead to this situation.
    • Explain and discuss PH.VIII.F.K2: Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
    • Explain and discuss PH.VIII.F.K3: Aerodynamics that affect low rotor rpm conditions.
    • Explain and discuss PH.VIII.F.K4: Powerplant performance.
    • Explain and discuss PH.VIII.F.K5: Main rotor (Nr) limitations.
    • Explain and discuss PH.VIII.F.K6: Difference between low rotor rpm and blade stall.
  • Part 3, Risk Management:
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.VIII.F.R1: Powerplant limitations.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.VIII.F.R2: Powerplant governor operation.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.VIII.F.R3: Collision hazards.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.VIII.F.R4: Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.VIII.F.R5: Low inertia rotor systems.
    • Require the student to verbalize trigger points for discontinuing or modifying the operation.
  • Part 4, Skill Development:
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.VIII.F.S1: Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.VIII.F.S2: Clear the area.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.VIII.F.S3: Detect the development of low rotor rpm and initiate prompt corrective action.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.VIII.F.S4: Execute the recovery procedure to return rotor rpm to normal limits.
    • Apply the helicopter POH/RFM, checklist, limitations, and FAA safety-of-flight guidance throughout the demonstration and practice.
  • Part 5, Guided Scenario(s):
    • Lead the guided scenario.
    • Evaluate the student's decisions and performance against every applicable ACS element.
  • Part 6, Lesson Conclusion:
    • Review the lesson objective, identified risks, performance strengths, and items requiring additional practice.
    • Present the re-motivation and closure.
  • Update instructor records and the student's training record, as required.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan

Guided Scenario(s)

  • During a planned helicopter flight, conditions require the student to apply the knowledge and procedures associated with low rotor revolutions per minute (rpm) recognition and recovery.
  • Ask the student to identify hazards, including Powerplant limitations., and explain how each risk will be controlled.
  • Require the student to brief, perform, or explain how to Complete the appropriate checklist(s)., as appropriate to the task and training environment.
  • Introduce a realistic change in wind, power available, landing area, traffic, system status, or external pressure and require the student to reassess the plan.
  • Conclude with a self-critique tied to the ACS knowledge, risk management, and skill elements.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan

Student Actions

  • Complete assigned readings and review the model-specific POH/RFM and checklist.
  • Explain the applicable knowledge elements in scenario context rather than by rote recall.
  • Identify, assess, and mitigate the risks associated with the task.
  • Demonstrate or explain each applicable skill within ACS standards and helicopter limitations.
  • Ask pertinent questions, perform a self-assessment, and make appropriate go/no-go or continue/discontinue decisions.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan

Airman Certification Standards

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Airman Certification Standards

  • Task F: Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery.
  • Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with low rotor rpm recognition and recovery.
  • Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task.
  • References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Knowledge 6 ACS Elements
  • PH.VIII.F.K1:
    Elements related to low rotor rpm recovery energy management, including the combination of conditions that may lead to this situation.
  • PH.VIII.F.K2:
    Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
  • PH.VIII.F.K3:
    Aerodynamics that affect low rotor rpm conditions.
  • PH.VIII.F.K4:
    Powerplant performance.
  • PH.VIII.F.K5:
    Main rotor (Nr) limitations.
  • PH.VIII.F.K6:
    Difference between low rotor rpm and blade stall.
Risk Management 5 ACS Elements
  • PH.VIII.F.R1:
    Powerplant limitations.
  • PH.VIII.F.R2:
    Powerplant governor operation.
  • PH.VIII.F.R3:
    Collision hazards.
  • PH.VIII.F.R4:
    Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
  • PH.VIII.F.R5:
    Low inertia rotor systems.
Skills 4 ACS Elements
  • PH.VIII.F.S1:
    Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • PH.VIII.F.S2:
    Clear the area.
  • PH.VIII.F.S3:
    Detect the development of low rotor rpm and initiate prompt corrective action.
  • PH.VIII.F.S4:
    Execute the recovery procedure to return rotor rpm to normal limits.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery Lesson Plan

Conclusion

  • Re-Motivation:

    • Consistent low rotor revolutions per minute (rpm) recognition and recovery performance protects the helicopter's limited margins and supports sound pilot-in-command decisions.

  • Closure:

    • Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson.
    • Assign study materials for the next lesson.