Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Helicopter) • ACS Area IV, Task B

The Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan covers the knowledge, risk management, and skills required by FAA-S-ACS-15.

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan

Introduction

  • Schedule

    Topic:
    Time:
    Attention/Motivator:
    0:05
    Part 1, Lesson Introduction:
    0:05
    Part 2, Knowledge Elements:
    0:20
    Part 3, Risk Management:
    0:15
    Part 4, Skill Development:
    0:30
    Part 5, Guided Scenario(s):
    0:20
    Part 6, Lesson Conclusion:
    0:05
    Remotivation/Closure:
    0:05
    Total Ground Time:
    0:00

  • Attention Getter:

    • Present a helicopter scenario in which the outcome depends on sound hover taxi knowledge, risk management, and technique.
    • Ask the student to identify the earliest decision or control input that determines a safe outcome.

  • Motivator:

    • To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with hover taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.

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Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan

Materials

  • Required Materials:

    • Writing instrument and instructional surface.
    • FAA-S-ACS-15, Private Pilot for Rotorcraft Category Helicopter Rating Airman Certification Standards.
    • Student training record and applicable lesson records.

  • Optional Materials:

    • Model-specific Pilot's Operating Handbook or Rotorcraft Flight Manual (POH/RFM).
    • Manufacturer-approved checklist and performance data.
    • Current charts, Chart Supplement, NOTAMs, and electronic flight bag, as applicable.
    • Helicopter, cockpit procedures trainer, or approved training device, as appropriate.

  • Reference Materials:

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan

Instructor Actions

  • Before the lesson, review the reference materials, helicopter limitations, and local operating considerations.
  • Part 1, Lesson Introduction:
    • Present the attention getter and motivator.
    • Review Area of Operation IV, Task B, and the Airman Certification Standards.
    • State the lesson objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with hover taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.
  • Part 2, Knowledge Elements:
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.B.K1: Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.B.K2: Hover taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.B.K3: Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.B.K4: Visual indicators for wind.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.B.K5: Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.B.K6: Procedures for:
      • PH.IV.B.K6a: a. Pilot activities during taxiing
      • PH.IV.B.K6b: b. Safe hover taxi at towered and non-towered airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas
      • PH.IV.B.K6c: c. Entering or crossing runways
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.B.K7: Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.B.K8: Aircraft operating limitations.
  • Part 3, Risk Management:
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.B.R1: Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.B.R2: Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.B.R3: Runway incursion.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.B.R4: Other aircraft, vehicles, persons, and hazards.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.B.R5: Hazardous effects of downwash.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.B.R6: Main rotor, tail rotor, and tail strike hazards.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.B.R7: Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.B.R8: Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
    • Require the student to verbalize trigger points for discontinuing or modifying the operation.
  • Part 4, Skill Development:
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S1: Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S2: Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S3: Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S4: Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, signals, and signs.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S5: Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S6: Maintain a straight ground track within ±4 feet of a designated ground track.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S7: Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S8: Hover taxi over specified ground references, demonstrating forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S9: Maintain a constant rate of turn at pivot points.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S10: Maintain a position within 4 feet of each pivot point during turns.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S11: Make a 360° pivoting turn, left and right, stopping within 10° of a specified heading.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.B.S12: Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during the maneuver.
    • Apply the helicopter POH/RFM, checklist, limitations, and FAA safety-of-flight guidance throughout the demonstration and practice.
  • Part 5, Guided Scenario(s):
    • Lead the guided scenario.
    • Evaluate the student's decisions and performance against every applicable ACS element.
  • Part 6, Lesson Conclusion:
    • Review the lesson objective, identified risks, performance strengths, and items requiring additional practice.
    • Present the re-motivation and closure.
  • Update instructor records and the student's training record, as required.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan

Guided Scenario(s)

  • During a planned helicopter flight, conditions require the student to apply the knowledge and procedures associated with hover taxi.
  • Ask the student to identify hazards, including Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation., and explain how each risk will be controlled.
  • Require the student to brief, perform, or explain how to Complete the appropriate checklist(s)., as appropriate to the task and training environment.
  • Introduce a realistic change in wind, power available, landing area, traffic, system status, or external pressure and require the student to reassess the plan.
  • Conclude with a self-critique tied to the ACS knowledge, risk management, and skill elements.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan

Student Actions

  • Complete assigned readings and review the model-specific POH/RFM and checklist.
  • Explain the applicable knowledge elements in scenario context rather than by rote recall.
  • Identify, assess, and mitigate the risks associated with the task.
  • Demonstrate or explain each applicable skill within ACS standards and helicopter limitations.
  • Ask pertinent questions, perform a self-assessment, and make appropriate go/no-go or continue/discontinue decisions.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan

Airman Certification Standards

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Airman Certification Standards

  • Area of Operation IV: Hovering Maneuvers.
  • Task B: Hover Taxi.
  • Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with hover taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.
  • References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Knowledge 8 ACS Elements
  • PH.IV.B.K1:
    Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
  • PH.IV.B.K2:
    Hover taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.
  • PH.IV.B.K3:
    Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
  • PH.IV.B.K4:
    Visual indicators for wind.
  • PH.IV.B.K5:
    Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
  • PH.IV.B.K6:
    Procedures for:
    • PH.IV.B.K6a:
      PH.IV.B.K6a: a. Pilot activities during taxiing
    • PH.IV.B.K6b:
      PH.IV.B.K6b: b. Safe hover taxi at towered and non-towered airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas
    • PH.IV.B.K6c:
      PH.IV.B.K6c: c. Entering or crossing runways
  • PH.IV.B.K7:
    Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
  • PH.IV.B.K8:
    Aircraft operating limitations.
Risk Management 8 ACS Elements
  • PH.IV.B.R1:
    Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
  • PH.IV.B.R2:
    Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.
  • PH.IV.B.R3:
    Runway incursion.
  • PH.IV.B.R4:
    Other aircraft, vehicles, persons, and hazards.
  • PH.IV.B.R5:
    Hazardous effects of downwash.
  • PH.IV.B.R6:
    Main rotor, tail rotor, and tail strike hazards.
  • PH.IV.B.R7:
    Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
  • PH.IV.B.R8:
    Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
Skills 12 ACS Elements
  • PH.IV.B.S1:
    Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • PH.IV.B.S2:
    Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
  • PH.IV.B.S3:
    Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
  • PH.IV.B.S4:
    Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, signals, and signs.
  • PH.IV.B.S5:
    Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
  • PH.IV.B.S6:
    Maintain a straight ground track within ±4 feet of a designated ground track.
  • PH.IV.B.S7:
    Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
  • PH.IV.B.S8:
    Hover taxi over specified ground references, demonstrating forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns.
  • PH.IV.B.S9:
    Maintain a constant rate of turn at pivot points.
  • PH.IV.B.S10:
    Maintain a position within 4 feet of each pivot point during turns.
  • PH.IV.B.S11:
    Make a 360° pivoting turn, left and right, stopping within 10° of a specified heading.
  • PH.IV.B.S12:
    Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during the maneuver.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Hover Taxi Lesson Plan

Conclusion

  • Re-Motivation:

    • Consistent hover taxi performance protects the helicopter's limited margins and supports sound pilot-in-command decisions.

  • Closure:

    • Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson.
    • Assign study materials for the next lesson.