Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Helicopter) • ACS Area IV, Task D

The Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan covers the knowledge, risk management, and skills required by FAA-S-ACS-15.

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan

Introduction

  • Schedule

    Topic:
    Time:
    Attention/Motivator:
    0:05
    Part 1, Lesson Introduction:
    0:05
    Part 2, Knowledge Elements:
    0:20
    Part 3, Risk Management:
    0:15
    Part 4, Skill Development:
    0:30
    Part 5, Guided Scenario(s):
    0:20
    Part 6, Lesson Conclusion:
    0:05
    Remotivation/Closure:
    0:05
    Total Ground Time:
    0:00

  • Attention Getter:

    • Present a helicopter scenario in which the outcome depends on sound taxiing with wheel-type landing gear knowledge, risk management, and technique.
    • Ask the student to identify the earliest decision or control input that determines a safe outcome.

  • Motivator:

    • To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground taxi operations, in a wheel-type aircraft, including runway incursion avoidance.

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Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan

Materials

  • Required Materials:

    • Writing instrument and instructional surface.
    • FAA-S-ACS-15, Private Pilot for Rotorcraft Category Helicopter Rating Airman Certification Standards.
    • Student training record and applicable lesson records.

  • Optional Materials:

    • Model-specific Pilot's Operating Handbook or Rotorcraft Flight Manual (POH/RFM).
    • Manufacturer-approved checklist and performance data.
    • Current charts, Chart Supplement, NOTAMs, and electronic flight bag, as applicable.
    • Helicopter, cockpit procedures trainer, or approved training device, as appropriate.

  • Reference Materials:

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan

Instructor Actions

  • Before the lesson, review the reference materials, helicopter limitations, and local operating considerations.
  • Part 1, Lesson Introduction:
    • Present the attention getter and motivator.
    • Review Area of Operation IV, Task D, and the Airman Certification Standards.
    • State the lesson objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground taxi operations, in a wheel-type aircraft, including runway incursion avoidance.
  • Part 2, Knowledge Elements:
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.D.K1: Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.D.K2: Taxi instructions/clearances.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.D.K3: Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.D.K4: Visual indicators for wind.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.D.K5: Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
    • Explain and discuss PH.IV.D.K6: Procedures for:
      • PH.IV.D.K6a: a. Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot Spots
      • PH.IV.D.K6b: b. Safe taxi at towered and nontowered airports
      • PH.IV.D.K6c: c. Entering or crossing runways
  • Part 3, Risk Management:
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.D.R1: Activities and distractions.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.D.R2: Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.D.R3: Runway incursion.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.D.R4: Speed during taxi and turns.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.D.R5: Appropriate thrust vector and brake use.
    • Use a helicopter scenario to have the student identify, assess, and mitigate PH.IV.D.R6: Airframe and rotor clearances during taxi.
    • Require the student to verbalize trigger points for discontinuing or modifying the operation.
  • Part 4, Skill Development:
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S1: Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S2: Use an appropriate airport/heliport diagram or taxi chart, if published.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S3: Properly position nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked or unlocked.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S4: Position the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions, with the landing gear in contact with the surface, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of directional control.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S5: Properly use cyclic, collective, and brakes as applicable to control speed while taxiing.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S6: Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S7: Maintain specified track within 4 feet.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S8: Position the helicopter relative to hold lines or a specified point.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S9: Receive and comply with ATC clearances/instructions, if applicable.
    • Demonstrate, then coach the student to PH.IV.D.S10: Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, lights, and signals.
    • Apply the helicopter POH/RFM, checklist, limitations, and FAA safety-of-flight guidance throughout the demonstration and practice.
  • Part 5, Guided Scenario(s):
    • Lead the guided scenario.
    • Evaluate the student's decisions and performance against every applicable ACS element.
  • Part 6, Lesson Conclusion:
    • Review the lesson objective, identified risks, performance strengths, and items requiring additional practice.
    • Present the re-motivation and closure.
  • Update instructor records and the student's training record, as required.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan

Guided Scenario(s)

  • During a planned helicopter flight, conditions require the student to apply the knowledge and procedures associated with taxiing with wheel-type landing gear.
  • Ask the student to identify hazards, including Activities and distractions., and explain how each risk will be controlled.
  • Require the student to brief, perform, or explain how to Complete the appropriate checklist(s)., as appropriate to the task and training environment.
  • Introduce a realistic change in wind, power available, landing area, traffic, system status, or external pressure and require the student to reassess the plan.
  • Conclude with a self-critique tied to the ACS knowledge, risk management, and skill elements.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan

Student Actions

  • Complete assigned readings and review the model-specific POH/RFM and checklist.
  • Explain the applicable knowledge elements in scenario context rather than by rote recall.
  • Identify, assess, and mitigate the risks associated with the task.
  • Demonstrate or explain each applicable skill within ACS standards and helicopter limitations.
  • Ask pertinent questions, perform a self-assessment, and make appropriate go/no-go or continue/discontinue decisions.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan

Airman Certification Standards

Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Airman Certification Standards

  • Area of Operation IV: Hovering Maneuvers.
  • Task D: Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear.
  • Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground taxi operations, in a wheel-type aircraft, including runway incursion avoidance.
  • References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Knowledge 6 ACS Elements
  • PH.IV.D.K1:
    Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
  • PH.IV.D.K2:
    Taxi instructions/clearances.
  • PH.IV.D.K3:
    Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
  • PH.IV.D.K4:
    Visual indicators for wind.
  • PH.IV.D.K5:
    Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
  • PH.IV.D.K6:
    Procedures for:
    • PH.IV.D.K6a:
      PH.IV.D.K6a: a. Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot Spots
    • PH.IV.D.K6b:
      PH.IV.D.K6b: b. Safe taxi at towered and nontowered airports
    • PH.IV.D.K6c:
      PH.IV.D.K6c: c. Entering or crossing runways
Risk Management 6 ACS Elements
  • PH.IV.D.R1:
    Activities and distractions.
  • PH.IV.D.R2:
    Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
  • PH.IV.D.R3:
    Runway incursion.
  • PH.IV.D.R4:
    Speed during taxi and turns.
  • PH.IV.D.R5:
    Appropriate thrust vector and brake use.
  • PH.IV.D.R6:
    Airframe and rotor clearances during taxi.
Skills 10 ACS Elements
  • PH.IV.D.S1:
    Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
  • PH.IV.D.S2:
    Use an appropriate airport/heliport diagram or taxi chart, if published.
  • PH.IV.D.S3:
    Properly position nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked or unlocked.
  • PH.IV.D.S4:
    Position the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions, with the landing gear in contact with the surface, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of directional control.
  • PH.IV.D.S5:
    Properly use cyclic, collective, and brakes as applicable to control speed while taxiing.
  • PH.IV.D.S6:
    Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
  • PH.IV.D.S7:
    Maintain specified track within 4 feet.
  • PH.IV.D.S8:
    Position the helicopter relative to hold lines or a specified point.
  • PH.IV.D.S9:
    Receive and comply with ATC clearances/instructions, if applicable.
  • PH.IV.D.S10:
    Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, lights, and signals.
Private Pilot (Helicopter) Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear Lesson Plan

Conclusion

  • Re-Motivation:

    • Consistent taxiing with wheel-type landing gear performance protects the helicopter's limited margins and supports sound pilot-in-command decisions.

  • Closure:

    • Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson.
    • Assign study materials for the next lesson.