Approach plates are logically sequenced to allow for the flow of an approach briefing [Figure 1]
Starting with the pilot briefing and procedure notes, the pilot covers administrative information such as:
Approach name, airport, and page number (as required)
Runway information, elevation
Approach notes
Approach lighting expected
Terminal area frequencies such as ATIS/AWOS, approach, and tower
Weather information provided allows for calculating crosswind components and expected performance parameters
Notes:
It is not critical to read off each number or word verbatim as it appears
Brief what applies (i.e., don't brief clearance frequencies unless you expect to talk to them) and abbreviate as appropriate (i.e., ground will be on 0.4)
The plan view doesn't give you a whole lot to discuss, but this section does provide you with the spatial awareness of the points and courses listed in the profile view
The profile view provides detailed information which covers:
Step altitudes
Course or courses to be set to include the Final Approach Course
This information feeds into the final portion of the approach where the pilot needs to be aware of the minimums
In the minimums section, you can determine
Category
Weather minimums
Speeds
Decision Height (DH) or MDA
Lastly, the airport diagram provides increased spatial awareness to the orientation of the aircraft upon breaking out of the weather
Be sure to focus on items that are unusual or otherwise noteworthy
These items can be from the plate (notable terrain) or restrictions provided by Air Traffic Control
Approach Briefing Example:
"We will be flying the VOR runway 16 approach into Daytona Beach International on page 22 of the Florida plates. Weather minimums required are 800 and 1. NAVAIDs are (are being) tuned and set to 112.6 and 73x. We will fly to the IAF and turn outbound 336 down to 1600. Procedure turn back in on 156 until the FAF, where we will start the time and begin a descent to our MDA of 760. Our missed approach point will be 7.4 DME from the VORTAC. Missed approach instructions are climbing straight out at 2000 on the 161 radial to SMYRA to hold. We are on approach, set tower (as appropriate)"
Common Pitfalls:
Ensure you are referencing the correct approach plate for not only the correct approach type but also for the correct runway
Not reviewing the symbology on an approach plate (i.e., mistaking a no lower than for a no higher than)
Using the wrong frequency to contact a specific agency
Not preparing for the next phase of flight, including post-landing taxi
Conclusion:
It is not necessary to go into such detail as to read each frequency but rather to discuss flow
Pilots must balance the requirement to brief essential elements while aviating, navigating, and communicating
Although not required by regulations for general aviation (part 91), they are a great idea to do regardless of experience level to make sure you plan correctly
The completeness and clarity of the approach brief is an indicator of how well you are about to fly the approach
The briefing is for you, so tailor it however you want
Over time your experiences may change leading to constant re-development of your approach brief
Practice even when flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) so you can be proficient when you need it operating under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
To learn more about instrument procedures, be sure to check out the Instrument Procedures Handbook online or in paperback
