Private Pilot (Airplane)
Human Factors Lesson Plan
The Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan covers the knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with personal health, flight physiology, and aeromedical and human factors related to safety of flight.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan Introduction
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan Materials
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Required Materials:
- Writing instrument (pen, marker, etc.).
- Writing surface (paper, whiteboard, etc.).
- Airman Certification Standards.
- Student jacket.
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Optional Materials:
- Personal Weather Minimums Worksheet.
- Carbon Monoxide Detector.
- Supplemental oxygen devices.
- Instructor endorsement log.
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Reference Materials:
- Federal Aviation Regulations Part 91.
- Federal Aviation Regulations Part 93.
- Aeronautical Information Manual.
- Risk Management Handbook.
- Airplane Flying Handbook.
- Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
- Airman Certification Standards:
- Hard copies of the ACS and Oral Exam Guides are available on Amazon.
- Digital copies of the ACS are available on the FAA's website.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan Instructor Actions
- Before the lesson, review reference materials.
- Step 1, Lesson Introduction:
- Review the lesson plan, including the attention-getter and motivator.
- Review the airman certification standards.
- Step 2, Aeromedical Factors:
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with hypoxia
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with hyperventilation
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with the middle ear and sinus problems
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with spatial disorientation
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with motion sickness
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with carbon monoxide poisoning
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with dehydration and nutrition
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with hypothermia
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with optical illusions
- Introduce symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives
- Introduce the effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications
- Step 3, Fitness for Flight:
- Step 4, Aeronautical Decision Making
- Introduce Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM), Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate
- Aeronautical decision making, including Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
- Step 5, Aeromedical Regulation
- Step 6, Guided Scenario:
- Step 7, Conclude Lesson
- Discuss aeromedical training locations/opportunities
- Present the remotivation, conclude, and provide guidance for follow-on lessons.
- Review student actions required ahead of the next lesson.
- Update instructor endorsement records and the student's jacket, as required.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan Guided Scenario(s)
- During the climb, the nervous passenger begins to start breathing heavily, panicking that they're an uneasy flier and have never been so far from the ground as they begin to experience dizziness
- What may the passenger be experiencing?
- What are some corrective actions?
- How could this event be prevented/mitigated on subsequent legs of the flight?
- What are some of the risk factors for this type of event?
- The aircraft is now operating at a high altitude when a passenger starts becoming uncharacteristically talkative, laughing, and explaining how they're feeling a little light headed but otherwise enjoying the flight
- What may the passenger be experiencing?
- What are some corrective actions?
- How could this event be prevented/mitigated on subsequent legs of the flight?
- What are some of the risk factors for this type of event?
- After landing, the pilot recognizes not only that they have a headache, but that they've had one after the past few flights
- What may the pilot be experiencing?
- What are some corrective actions?
- How could this event be prevented/mitigated on subsequent legs of the flight?
- What are some of the risk factors for this type of event?
- Related scenarios:
- None
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan Student Actions
- Complete the assigned readings (see content above).
- Complete or review AOPA's Online Learning Course - Do the Right Thing
- Ask pertinent questions
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Airman Airman Certification Standards
- Objective: To determine whether the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with personal health, flight physiology, and aeromedical and human factors related to safety of flight
- References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2 (Risk Management Handbook), FAA-H-8083-3 (Airplane Flying Handbook), FAA-H-8083-25 (Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge)
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates an understanding of:-
PA.I.H.K1:
Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:-
PA.I.H.K1a:
Hypoxia. -
PA.I.H.K1b:
Hyperventilation. -
PA.I.H.K1c:
Middle ear and sinus problems. -
PA.I.H.K1d:
Spatial Disorientation. -
PA.I.H.K1e:
Motion sickness. -
PA.I.H.K1f:
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. -
PA.I.H.K1g:
Stress. -
PA.I.H.K1h:
Fatigue. -
PA.I.H.K1i:
Dehydration and nutrition. -
PA.I.H.K1j:
Hypothermia. -
PA.I.H.K1k:
Optical Illusions. -
PA.I.H.K1l:
Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives.
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PA.I.H.K2:
Regulations regarding the use of alcohol and drugs. -
PA.I.H.K3:
Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications. -
PA.I.H.K4:
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Risk Management:
The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks encompassing:-
PA.I.H.R1:
Aeromedical and physiological issues. -
PA.I.H.R2:
Hazardous attitudes. -
PA.I.H.R3:
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation. -
PA.I.H.R4:
Confirmation and expectation bias.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skills to:-
PA.I.H.S1:
Associate the symptoms and effects for at least three of the conditions listed in K1a through K1l above with the cause(s) and corrective action(s). -
PA.I.H.S2:
Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, for actual flight or a scenario given by the evaluator.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan
Private Pilot (Airplane) Human Factors Lesson Plan Conclusion
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Re-Motivation:
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Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson