Attention:
- Research a case study:
- Discuss how the initial conditions developed into an incident/accident/mishap
- Relate similar personal experiences of the same type of incident/accident/mishap
- Consider incorporating a case study as a guided scenario
Motivator:
- Slow flight develops the ability to recognize changes in aircraft flight characteristics and control effectiveness at critically slow airspeeds in various configurations
- While pilots may perform slow flight to loiter over an area during cruise flight, it is most often performed incidental to takeoff and landing
- With multi-engine aircraft the concept of minimum controllable airspeed comes into play
- Speed Instability:
- Flying slower than minimum drag speed (LD/max), more power will be required, due to total drag curve and slight disturbances will decrease airspeed
Overview:
Topic:
Time:
Introduction:
0:05
Maneuvering During Slow Flight:
0:15
Review (quiz):
0:05
Case Studies:
0:05
Total Ground Time:
0:30
Required Materials:
- Student Jacket, Paper & Pen or Marker & Whiteboard
Instructor Actions:
- Review the cause of stalls and what factors increase/decrease stall speed (AoA)
- Discuss maneuvering during slow flight
- Discuss region of reverse command
- Discuss small airplane specifics
- Discuss large airplane specifics
- Discuss multi-engine considerations during slow flight
- Discuss maneuvering during slow flight procedure
- Discuss maneuvering during slow flight common errors Discuss maneuvering during slow flight airman certification standards
- Discuss case studies
- Conclusion
Student Actions:
- Complete the assigned readings (see content above).
- Ask pertinent questions
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate
Private Pilot (Airplane) Maneuvering During Slow Flight Airman Certification Standards:
- Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with maneuvering during slow flight in cruise configuration
- Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information related to this Task
- References: FAA-H-8083-2 (Risk Management Handbook), FAA-H-8083-3 (Airplane Flying Handbook), FAA-H-8083-25 (Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge); POH/AFM
Private Pilot (Airplane) Maneuvering During Slow Flight Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates understanding of:-
PA.VII.A.K1:
Aerodynamics associated with stalls in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Maneuvering During Slow Flight Risk Management:
The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:-
PA.VII.A.R1:
Inadvertent slow flight and flight with a stall warning, which could lead to loss of control. -
PA.VII.A.R2:
Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., airplane buffet, stall horn, etc.). -
PA.VII.A.R3:
Uncoordinated flight. -
PA.VII.A.R4:
Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude). -
PA.VII.A.R5:
Collision hazards. -
PA.VII.A.R6:
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Private Pilot (Airplane) Maneuvering During Slow Flight Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skill to:-
PA.VII.A.S1:
Clear the area. -
PA.VII.A.S2:
Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL) (ASEL, ASES) or 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES). -
PA.VII.A.S3:
Establish and maintain an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power, would result in a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.). -
PA.VII.A.S4:
Accomplish coordinated straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents with the aircraft configured as specified by the evaluator without a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.). -
PA.VII.A.S5:
Maintain the specified altitude, ±100 feet; specified heading, ±10°; airspeed, +10/-0 knots; and specified angle of bank, ±10°.
Re-Motivation:
Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson
Conclusion:
- Hard copies of the ACS and Oral Exam Guides are available on Amazon.
- Digital copies of the ACS are available on the FAA's website.
- The FAA provides test-taking guidance and test guides on its website.
- To learn more about earning the practical test, visit the checkride page.