Attention:
- Research a case study
- Discuss how the initial conditions developed into an incident/accident/mishap
- Relate similar personal experience of the same type of incident/accident/mishap
Motivator:
- Flight planning is the process in which a pilot prepares for an upcoming flight
- It is a descriptive process therefore involving more than one type of navigation
- If no wind information is available, plan using statistical winds, make them headwinds to be conservative in your fuel planning
- Course: is pre-flight
- Track: is flown
- Charts are all "true" as in true north and must be compensated to find magnetic north
- Include the following:
- Diverts (direction and channels/frequencies)
- Checkpoints:
- Check points should be set approximately 10 NM apart
- Your first checkpoint should be Top of Climb (TOC) and the last should be Top of Descent (TOD)
Overview:
Topic:
Time:
Introduction:
0:05
Pilotage and Dead Reckoning:
0:15
Review (quiz):
0:05
Case Studies:
0:05
Total Ground Time:
0:30
Required Materials:
- Paper, Pen, Marker, Whiteboard
Instructor Actions:
- Discuss flight planning
- Discuss types and navigation
- Discuss flight planning and Navigation Tools
- Discuss determining route/choosing checkpoints
- Discuss determining headings/courses
- Discuss Pilotage and Dead Reckoning common errors
- Discuss Pilotage and Dead Reckoning airman certification standards
- Discuss case studies
- Conclusion
Student Actions:
- Complete assigned reading (see content above)
- Ask pertinent questions
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Pilotage and Dead Reckoning Airman Certification Standards:
- Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with pilotage and dead reckoning
- References: FAA-H-8083-2 (Risk Management Handbook), FAA-H-8083-3 (Airplane Flying Handbook), FAA-H-8083-25 (Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge); VFR Navigation Charts
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Pilotage and Dead Reckoning Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates understanding of:-
CA.VI.A.K1:
Pilotage and dead reckoning. -
CA.VI.A.K2:
Magnetic compass errors. -
CA.VI.A.K3:
Topography. -
CA.VI.A.K4:
Selection of appropriate:-
CA.VI.A.K4a:
Route. -
CA.VI.A.K4b:
Altitude(s). -
CA.VI.A.K4c:
Checkpoints.
-
-
CA.VI.A.K5:
Plotting a course, including:-
CA.VI.A.K5a:
Determining heading, speed, and course. -
CA.VI.A.K5b:
Wind correction angle. -
CA.VI.A.K5c:
Estimating time, speed, and distance. -
CA.VI.A.K5d:
True airspeed and density altitude.
-
-
CA.VI.A.K6:
Power setting selection. -
CA.VI.A.K7:
Planned versus actual flight plan calculations and required corrections.
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Pilotage and Dead Reckoning Risk Management:
The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:-
CA.VI.A.R1:
Collision hazards. -
CA.VI.A.R2:
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation. -
CA.VI.A.R3:
Unplanned fuel/power consumption, if applicable.
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Pilotage and Dead Reckoning Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skill to:-
CA.VI.A.S1:
Prepare and use a flight log. -
CA.VI.A.S4:
Use the magnetic direction indicator in navigation, including turns to headings. -
CA.VI.A.S5:
Verify position within three nautical miles of the flight-planned route. -
CA.VI.A.S6:
Arrive at the en route checkpoints within five minutes of the initial or revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) and provide a destination estimate. -
CA.VI.A.S7:
Maintain the selected altitude ±100 feet and heading ±10°.
Re-Motivation:
Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson
Conclusion:
- Hard copies of the ACS and Oral Exam Guides can be purchased at: Amazon
- Digital copies of the ACS can be found on the FAA's website at: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs/
- The FAA provides guidance for test taking at: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/pilot_tips/
- Test guides can be found on the FAA's website at: http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_guides/media/faa-g-8082-17i.pdf
- To learn more about earning the practical test, visit the checkride page