Attention:
- Research a mishap case study:
- Discuss how the initial conditions developed into an incident/accident/mishap
- Relate similar personal experience of the same type of incident/accident/mishap
Motivator:
- Steep turns develop a pilot's skill in flight control smoothness and coordination, an awareness of the airplane's orientation to outside references, division of attention between flight control applications, and the constant need to scan for hazards and other traffic in the area
- Maximum performance turns are defined as using the fastest rate of turn and shortest radius
- These turns will cause a much higher stalling speed
- Limiting load factor determines the maximum bank without stalling
Overview:
Topic:
Time:
Introduction:
0:05
Steep Turns:
0:10
Review (quiz):
0:05
Case Studies:
0:05
Total Ground Time:
0:30
Required Materials:
- Paper, Pen, Marker, Whiteboard
Instructor Actions:
- Review Airman Certification Standards
Student Actions:
- Complete assigned reading (see content above)
- Ask pertinent questions
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate
Private Pilot - Steep Turns Airman Certification Standards:
- Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with steep turns
- References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
Steep Turns Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates understanding of:-
PA.V.A.K1:
How to conduct a proper steep turn -
PA.V.A.K2:
Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, to include:-
PA.V.A.K2a:
Maintaining coordinated flight -
PA.V.A.K2b:
Overbanking tendencies -
PA.V.A.K2c:
Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes -
PA.V.A.K2d:
Load factor and accelerated stalls -
PA.V.A.K2e:
Rate and radius of turn
-
Steep Turns Risk Management:
The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:-
PA.V.A.R1:
Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation -
PA.V.A.R2:
Collision hazards -
PA.V.A.R3:
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) -
PA.V.A.R4:
Distractions, improper task management, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation -
PA.V.A.R5:
Uncoordinated flight
Steep Turns Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skill to:-
PA.V.A.S1:
Clear the area -
PA.V.A.S2:
Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed the maneuvering speed Va -
PA.V.A.S3:
Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 45° bank -
PA.V.A.S4:
Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator -
PA.V.A.S5:
Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5 degrees, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°
Re-Motivation:
Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson