Attention:
Motivator:
Overview:
Topic:
Time:
Introduction:
0:05
Taxiing:
0:15
Review (quiz):
0:05
Case Studies:
0:05
Total Ground Time:
0:30
Required Materials:
- Paper, Pen, Marker, Whiteboard
Instructor Actions:
- Discuss Waivers airman certification standards
Student Actions:
- Complete assigned reading (see content above)
- Complete or review AOPA's Online Learning Course - Runway Safety
- Ask pertinent questions
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate
Taxiing Guided Scenario(s):
- Have student find an airport diagram of a local airport
- Review the airport diagram symbology
- What information does the Chart Supplement provide regarding taxi operations?
- What information do Notice to Air Missions (NOTAMS) provide regarding taxi operations?
- Highlight hot spots
- Provide a simulated taxi clearance that includes turns, crossing/holding short of runways, etc. Simulatec taxi clearance should cover taxiing to an active runway as well as from (post-landing)
- What radio calls are required to comply with the air traffic control clearance?
- Provide environmentals such as wind
- How would a pilot determine wind direction and speed while on the airport, utilizing visual and non-visual means?
- Who has the right-of-way at an intersection (towered/non-towered airports)
- How will flight controls change in turns relative to the environmentals provided?
- Have the student describe the anticipated markings and signs related to taxiiway identification and runway identification
- Discuss airport lighting for night operations
- Discuss procedures and mitigations during low visibility taxi operations
- Discuss checklist useage before, during, and after taxiing
- Discuss distractions, unexpected instructions/changes, expectation bias, and what constitutes a runway incursion
- Related scenarios:
- Night Operations
- Aids: None
Taxiing Case Studies:
-
Taxiing Case Studies:
- NTSB Identification: MIA01LA034
- The NTSB determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be: The student pilot's failure to maintain a visual look out while transitioning from the active runway to a taxiway resulting in an on-ground collision with a taxiway sign
- NTSB Identification: WPR20CA087:
- The NTSB determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be: The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from a parked airplane during taxi operations at night
- NTSB Identification: CEN23LA198:
- The NTSB determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be: The pilot’s failure to maintain a safe taxi distance from a turbine-powered airplane, resulting in an encounter of the turbine-powered airplane’s jet blast while taxiing
- NTSB Identification: MIA01LA034
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Taxiing Airman Certification Standards:
- Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance
- References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2 (Risk Management Handbook), FAA-H-8083-3 (Airplane Flying Handbook), FAA-H-8083-25 (Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge); POH/AFM
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Taxiing Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates understanding of:-
CA.II.D.K1:
Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs). -
CA.II.D.K2:
Taxi instructions/clearances. -
CA.II.D.K3:
Airport markings, signs, and lights. -
CA.II.D.K4:
Visual indicators for wind. -
CA.II.D.K5:
Aircraft lighting, as appropriate. -
CA.II.D.K6:
Procedures for:-
CA.II.D.K6a:
Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot Spots. -
CA.II.D.K6b:
Radio communications at towered and nontowered airports. -
CA.II.D.K6c:
Entering or crossing runways. -
CA.II.D.K6d:
Night taxi operations. -
CA.II.D.K6e:
Low visibility taxi operations.
-
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Taxiing Risk Management:
The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:-
CA.II.D.R1:
Activities and distractions. -
CA.II.D.R2:
Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions. -
CA.II.D.R3:
A taxi route or departure runway change. -
CA.II.D.R4:
Runway incursion.
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Taxiing Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skill to:-
CA.II.D.S1:
Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable. -
CA.II.D.S2:
Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness. -
CA.II.D.S3:
Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable. -
CA.II.D.S4:
Complete the appropriate checklist(s). -
CA.II.D.S5:
Perform a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving. -
CA.II.D.S6:
Maintain positive control of the airplane during ground operations by controlling direction and speed without excessive use of brakes. -
CA.II.D.S7:
Comply with airport/taxiway markings, signals, and air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions. -
CA.II.D.S8:
Position the airplane properly relative to hold lines.
Re-Motivation:
- Still looking for something? Continue searching:
Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson
Conclusion:
- Hard copies of the ACS and Oral Exam Guides can be purchased at: Amazon
- Digital copies of the ACS can be found on the FAA's website at: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs/
- The FAA provides guidance for test taking at: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/pilot_tips/
- Test guides can be found on the FAA's website at: http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_guides/media/faa-g-8082-17i.pdf
- To learn more about earning the practical test, visit the checkride page