Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Introduction

Schedule:

Topic:

Time:

Part 1, Introduction:

0:05

Part 2, Obstacle Considerations:

0:10

Part 3, Factors Impacting Takeoff Performance:

0:10

Part 4, Takeoff Performance Calculations:

0:10

Part 5, Factors Impacting Climb Performance:

0:10

Part 6, Climb Performance Calculations:

0:10

Part 7, Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb Procedures:

0:10

Part 8, Anomalies and Malfunctions:

0:10

Part 9, Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb Risk Management:

0:10

Part 10, Guided Scenario(s):

0:15

Part 11, Conclude Lesson:

0:10

Remotivation/Closure:

0:05

Total Ground Time:

0:00
Attention Getter:
- Research a mishap case study:
  - Takeoff and Climb Case Studies.
- Discuss how the initial conditions developed into an incident/accident/mishap.
- Relate similar personal experiences of the same type of incident/accident/mishap.
- Consider incorporating a case study as a guided scenario.
Motivator:
- The goal of the Short-field approach and landing is to maximize aircraft performance in order to safely and accurately land the airplane, obtaining maximum performance, by touching down at the slowest possible airspeed

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Materials

Required Materials:
- Writing instrument (pen, marker, etc.).
- Writing surface (paper, whiteboard, etc.).
- Weight and Balance worksheet.
- Pilot Information/Operating Handbook.
- Airman Certification Standards.
- Student jacket.
Optional Materials:
- Personal Weather Minimums Worksheet.
- Instructor endorsement log.
Reference Materials:
- Federal Aviation Regulations Part 91.
- Federal Aviation Regulations Part 93.
- Aeronautical Information Manual.
- Risk Management Handbook.
- Airplane Flying Handbook.
- Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbook.
- Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
- Airman Certification Standards:
  - Hard copies of the ACS and Oral Exam Guides are available on Amazon.
  - Digital copies of the ACS are available on the FAA's website.

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Instructor Actions

Before the lesson, review reference materials.
Part 1, Introduce the lesson:
- Review the lesson plan, including the attention and motivator.
- Review the airman certification standards.
- Review short-field takeoff and maximum performance climb, why is it important?
Part 2, Obstacle Considerations:
- Obstacle location relative to runway.
- Climb gradient vs obstacle height.
- Departure path analysis.
- Terrain escape options.
- Turn-back impossibility at low altitude.
- Terrain funneling.
Part 3, Factors impacting takeoff performance:
- Review surface wind impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs, including determining wind direction with or without visual indicators.
- Review wind shear impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review wake turbulence considerations during short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review outside air temperature and field elevation/density altitude impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
  - Propeller efficiency reduction.
  - Engine power reduction.
  - Wing performance reduction.
  - Reduced acceleration rate.
  - Reduced climb gradient despite normal indications.
- Review runway surface condition impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
  - Grass vs pavement rolling resistance.
  - Mud/snow/slush hydroplaning implications.
  - Braking degradation during rejected takeoff.
  - Wet grass performance hazards.
  - Surface contamination impact on acceleration.
- Review runway slope impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review gross weight center of gravity impacts and to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review power settings impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review flight profile impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review nose strut slope impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review tire pressure impacts to short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review best rate/best angle of climb.
  - Review Vx as best obstacle clearance performance given best angle.
  - Review Vx also reduces visibility/cooling margins if held.
  - Discuss Vy as performance/time-driven.
  - Discuss why Vx/Vy vary with altitude.
Part 4, Takeoff performance calculations:
- Review Performance and Limitations lesson plan (as appropriate), specifically takeoff and climb performance.
- Review weight & balance performance calculation.
Part 5, Factors impacting climb performance:
Part 6, Climb Performance Calculations:
- Review determining Top-of-Climb (TOC), connecting TOC's relevance in cross-country flight planning.
- Review determining climb gradient, connecting climb gradient to departure procedure flight planning.
- Review determining rate-of-climb requirements, connecting climb rate to obstacle avoidance.
Part 7, Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb Procedures:
- Review taxiing, as required.
- Review aircraft configuration considerations.
  - Review the impact of partial flaps.
  - Relate configuration to ground effect implications.
  - Review premature rotation impacts on acceleration.
- Review short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review rejected takeoff considerations.
Part 8, Anomalies and Malfunctions:
- Review potential emergency procedures during short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs.
- Review aborted/rejected takeoffs.
  - Acceleration checkpoints.
  - Abnormal engine indications.
  - Runway remaining assessment.
  - Go/no-go point concepts.
  - Continuing vs aborting tradeoffs.
Part 9, Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb Risk Management:
- Review collision hazards.
- Review low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin and controlled flight into terrain risks.
- Review distractions, task prioritization, situational awareness, and disorientation.
- Review runway incursion risks.
- Actual vs. expected performance:
  - Imperfect pilot technique.
  - Engine wear.
  - Runway contamination.
  - Delayed rotation.
  - Environmental variability.
Part 10, Guided Scenario(s):
Part 11, Conclude Lesson:
- Relate lesson to power-on stalls.
- Present the remotivation, conclude, and provide guidance for follow-on lessons.
- Review student actions required ahead of the next lesson.
Update instructor endorsement records and the student's jacket, as required.

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Guided Scenario(s)

Discuss the purpose of an conditions which warrant a short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs procedure.
Conduct a weight and balance calculation for the day.
Conduct a takeoff distance calculation for the day, noting where takeoff should occur in reference to the airport runways (save for later in lesson)
- Provide simulated variables that cover different airfield elevations (takeoff distance), temperatures, surface conditions, and winds for subsequent calculations and discuss on how they effect takeoff and climb performance.
Conduct a short-field takeoff and maximum performance climbs and compare actual rotation location to calculated location.
Discuss how crosswind takeoffs.
- How do control inputs change as the aircraft accelerates?
- How does the pilot manage the liftoff/transition to climb?
Discuss rejecting the takeoff in the rain/snow.
- How would rejecting a takeoff on a wet runway change a pilot's action?
- How would performance change?
Discuss an engine failure on takeoff roll, just after takeoff, and while in the climb.
- How does a pilot recognize loss of performance? What is normal RPM expected?
- How do pilot options change as the aircraft gains altitude?
Discuss the importance of checking for aircraft on final before taxiing onto the runway.
- What are some reasons pilots may be on final without other pilots otherwise knowing?
Discuss hazards by providing an example of taking off after a larger aircraft (windshear).
Discuss minimum safe altitudes.
- Describe minimum safe altitudes for a given area?
- Discuss how minimum safe altitudes apply to takeoff/airport operations?
Discuss reasons where V_x and V_y would be most appropriate for climbout.
Discuss risk in climb (power-on stall) as well as terrain avoidance being low altitude, nose-high, high workload.
Discuss why noise abatement procedures exist and where to find them.
- Have student locate noise abatement procedures for the local or a nearby airport.
Related scenarios:
- Private Pilot (Airplane) Power-On Stalls Guided Scenario.

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Student Actions

Complete the assigned readings (see content above).
Ask pertinent questions.
Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate.
Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate.

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Airman Certification Standards

To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a short-field takeoff, maximum performance climb operations, and rejected takeoff procedures
References: FAA-H-8083-2 (Risk Management Handbook), FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM; AIM

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) Knowledge:

The applicant demonstrates an understanding of:

PA.IV.E.K1:
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
PA.IV.E.K2:
Best angle of climb speed (V_x) and best rate of climb speed (V_y).
PA.IV.E.K3:
Appropriate airplane configuration.

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) Risk Management:

The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risks associated with:

PA.IV.E.R1:
Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
PA.IV.E.R2:
Effects of:
- PA.IV.E.R2a:
  Crosswind.
- PA.IV.E.R2b:
  Windshear.
- PA.IV.E.R2c:
  Tailwind.
- PA.IV.E.R2d:
  Wake turbulence.
- PA.IV.E.R2e:
  Takeoff surface/condition.
PA.IV.E.R3:
Abnormal operations, to include planning for:
- PA.IV.E.R3a:
  Rejected takeoff.
- PA.IV.E.R3b:
  Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight.
PA.IV.E.R4:
Collision hazards.
PA.IV.E.R5:
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
PA.IV.E.R6:
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) Skills:

The applicant exhibits the skills to:

PA.IV.E.S1:
Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PA.IV.E.S2:
Make radio calls as appropriate.
PA.IV.E.S3:
Verify assigned/correct runway.
PA.IV.E.S4:
Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PA.IV.E.S5:
Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
PA.IV.E.S6:
Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline utilizing maximum available takeoff area.
PA.IV.E.S7:
Apply brakes while setting engine power to achieve maximum performance.
PA.IV.E.S8:
Confirm takeoff power prior to brake release and verify proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
PA.IV.E.S9:
Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or V_x, +10/-5 knots.
PA.IV.E.S10:
Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or V_X, +10/-5 knots until the obstacle is cleared or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface.
PA.IV.E.S11:
Establish a pitch attitude for V_y and accelerate to V_y, +10/-5 knots after clearing the obstacle or at 50 feet AGL if simulating an obstacle.
PA.IV.E.S12:
Configure the airplane in accordance with the manufacturer's guidance after a positive rate of climb has been verified.
PA.IV.E.S13:
Maintain V_y +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
PA.IV.E.S14:
Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
PA.IV.E.S15:
Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Conclusion

Re-Motivation:
Closure:
- The FAA provides test-taking guidance and test guides on its website.
- To learn more about earning the practical test, visit the checkride page.
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson.
- Assign study materials for the next lesson.

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Introduction

Schedule:

Attention Getter:

Motivator:

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Materials

Required Materials:

Optional Materials:

Reference Materials:

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Instructor Actions

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Guided Scenario(s)

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Student Actions

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Airman Certification Standards

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) Knowledge:

PA.IV.E.K1:

PA.IV.E.K2:

PA.IV.E.K3:

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) Risk Management:

PA.IV.E.R1:

PA.IV.E.R2:

PA.IV.E.R2a:

PA.IV.E.R2b:

PA.IV.E.R2c:

PA.IV.E.R2d:

PA.IV.E.R2e:

PA.IV.E.R3:

PA.IV.E.R3a:

PA.IV.E.R3b:

PA.IV.E.R4:

PA.IV.E.R5:

PA.IV.E.R6:

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) Skills:

PA.IV.E.S1:

PA.IV.E.S2:

PA.IV.E.S3:

PA.IV.E.S4:

PA.IV.E.S5:

PA.IV.E.S6:

PA.IV.E.S7:

PA.IV.E.S8:

PA.IV.E.S9:

PA.IV.E.S10:

PA.IV.E.S11:

PA.IV.E.S12:

PA.IV.E.S13:

PA.IV.E.S14:

PA.IV.E.S15:

Private Pilot (Airplane) Short Field & Maximum Performance Takeoff & Climb Lesson Plan Conclusion

Re-Motivation:

Closure: