Attention:
- Research a mishap case study:
- Discuss how the initial conditions developed into an incident/accident/mishap
- Relate similar personal experience of the same type of incident/accident/mishap
Motivator:
- The goal of the short-field approach and landing is to maximize aircraft performance in order to safely and accurately land when runway distance is limited
- The approach is made with minimum engine power commensurate with flying towards the aiming point on the runway
- This will result in a steeper approach than otherwise flown with other landing procedures
- Speed must be reduced progressively as the aircraft's height reduces, and after reaching the airspeed for final approach it must be maintained accurately. After touch-down, the pilot applies maximum wheel braking and maximum up-elevator. Wing-flaps are sometimes retracted to allow better braking performance
- Tips:
- Touchdown as close to the approach end as safely possible
- Utilize maximum braking available
- Keep tires on the ground to keep friction
- Land into a headwind
- Land as the lowest weight possible
Overview:
Topic:
Time:
Introduction:
0:05
Short-Field Approach and Landing:
0:15
Review (quiz):
0:05
Case Studies:
0:05
Total Ground Time:
0:30
Required Materials:
- Paper, Pen, Marker, Whiteboard
Instructor Actions:
Student Actions:
- Complete assigned reading (see content above)
- Ask pertinent questions
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL):
.- Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with short-field approach and landing with emphasis on proper use and coordination of flight controls
- References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2 (Risk Management Handbook), FAA-H-8083-3 (Airplane Flying Handbook), FAA-H-8083-25 (Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge); POH/AFM
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL) Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates understanding of:-
PA.IV.F.K1:
A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts. -
PA.IV.F.K2:
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance. -
PA.IV.F.K3:
Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL) Risk Management:
The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:-
PA.IV.F.R1:
Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind. -
PA.IV.F.R2:
Effects of:-
PA.IV.F.R2a:
Crosswind. -
PA.IV.F.R2b:
Windshear. -
PA.IV.F.R2c:
Tailwind. -
PA.IV.F.R2d:
Wake turbulence. -
PA.IV.F.R2e:
Runway surface/condition.
-
-
PA.IV.F.R3:
Planning for:-
PA.IV.F.R3a:
Rejected landing and go-around. -
PA.IV.F.R3b:
Land and holding short operations (LAHSO).
-
-
PA.IV.F.R4:
Collision hazards. -
PA.IV.F.R5:
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). -
PA.IV.F.R6:
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
Commercial Pilot (Airplane) Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL) Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skill to:-
PA.IV.F.S1:
Complete the appropriate checklist(s). -
PA.IV.F.S2:
Make radio calls as appropriate. -
PA.IV.F.S3:
Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway. -
PA.IV.F.S4:
Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions. -
PA.IV.F.S5:
Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions. -
PA.IV.F.S6:
Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach. -
PA.IV.F.S7:
Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, ±5 knots with gust factor applied. -
PA.IV.F.S8:
Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing. -
PA.IV.F.S9:
Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown. -
PA.IV.F.S10:
Touch down at a proper pitch attitude within 100 feet beyond or on the specified point, threshold markings, or runway numbers, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline. -
PA.IV.F.S11:
Use manufacturer’s recommended procedures for airplane configuration and braking. -
PA.IV.F.S12:
Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing. -
PA.IV.F.S13:
Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
Re-Motivation:
Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson
Conclusion:
- Hard copies of the ACS and Oral Exam Guides can be purchased at: Amazon
- Digital copies of the ACS can be found on the FAA's website at: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs/
- The FAA provides guidance for test taking at: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/pilot_tips/
- Test guides can be found on the FAA's website at: http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_guides/media/faa-g-8082-17i.pdf
- To learn more about earning the practical test, visit the checkride page