Attention:
- Research a mishap case study:
- Discuss how the initial conditions developed into an incident/accident/mishap
- Relate similar personal experience of the same type of incident/accident/mishap
Motivator:
- Normal approaches and landings are the building blocks from which all other landings build
- While this procedure is for normal landing, assuming the wind is blowing right down the runway, that will almost never be the case
Overview:
Topic:
Time:
Introduction:
0:05
Normal Approach and Landing:
0:15
Review (quiz):
0:05
Case Studies:
0:05
Total Ground Time:
0:30
Required Materials:
- Paper, Pen, Marker, Whiteboard
Instructor Actions:
Student Actions:
- Complete assigned reading (see content above)
- Ask pertinent questions
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate
Normal Approach and Landing Airman Certification Standards:
- Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with normal approach and landing with emphasis on proper use and coordination of flight controls
- Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be evaluated through oral testing
- References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
Normal Approach and Landing Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates understanding of:-
PA.IV.B.K1:
A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts -
PA.IV.B.K2:
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance -
PA.IV.B.K3:
Wind correction techniques on approach and landing
Normal Approach and Landing Risk Management:
The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:-
PA.IV.B.R1:
Selection of runway/landing surface, approach path, and touchdown area based on pilot capability, aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind -
PA.IV.B.R2:
Effects of:-
PA.IV.B.R2a:
Crosswind -
PA.IV.B.R2b:
Windshear -
PA.IV.B.R2c:
Tailwind -
PA.IV.B.R2d:
Wake turbulence -
PA.IV.B.R2e:
Runway surface/condition
-
-
PA.IV.B.R3:
Planning for:-
PA.IV.B.R3a:
Rejected landing and go-around -
PA.IV.B.R3b:
Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
-
-
PA.IV.B.R4:
Collision hazards -
PA.IV.B.R5:
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) -
PA.IV.B.R6:
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation
Normal Approach and Landing Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skill to:-
PA.IV.B.S1:
Complete the appropriate checklist(s) -
PA.IV.B.S2:
Make radio calls as appropriate -
PA.IV.B.S3:
Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface -
PA.IV.B.S4:
Scan the runway or landing surface and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions -
PA.IV.B.S5:
Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind, landing surface, and obstructions -
PA.IV.B.S6:
Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach -
PA.IV.B.S7:
Maintain manufacturer’s published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), +10/-5 knots with gust factor applied -
PA.IV.B.S8:
Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing -
PA.IV.B.S9:
Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during round out and touchdown -
PA.IV.B.S10:
Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 400 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path -
PA.IV.B.S11:
Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing -
PA.IV.B.S12:
Utilize runway incursion avoidance procedures
Re-Motivation:
Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson