Attention:
- Research a mishap case study:
- Discuss how the initial conditions developed into an incident/accident/mishap
- Relate similar personal experience of the same type of incident/accident/mishap
Motivator:
- Soft field takeoffs maximize performance when departing from a soft or rough runway surface
- Otherwise "hard" surfaces can become "soft" following rainstorms or disturbance
- These soft and rough surfaces provide unique challenges which may make the aircraft harder to control and reduce acceleration
- Additionally, with soft and perhaps bumpy surfaces, you are at risk of getting the nose wheel stuck
- For this reason, procedures may specify a flap setting
Overview:
Topic:
Time:
Introduction:
0:05
Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb:
0:15
Review (quiz):
0:05
Case Studies:
0:05
Total Ground Time:
0:30
Required Materials:
- Paper, Pen, Marker, Whiteboard
Instructor Actions:
Student Actions:
- Complete assigned reading (see content above)
- Ask pertinent questions
- Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, as appropriate
- Make a go/no-go decision, as appropriate
Soft/rough field takeoff and climb Airman Certification Standards:
- Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with soft-field takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff procedures
- References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL) Knowledge:
The applicant demonstrates understanding of:-
PA.IV.C.K1:
Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance -
PA.IV.C.K2:
Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY) -
PA.IV.C.K3:
Appropriate airplane configuration -
PA.IV.C.K4:
Ground effect -
PA.IV.C.K5:
Importance of weight transfer from wheels to wings -
PA.IV.C.K6:
Left turning tendencies
Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL) Risk Management:
The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:-
PA.IV.C.R1:
Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind -
PA.IV.C.R2:
Effects of:-
PA.IV.C.R2a:
Crosswind -
PA.IV.C.R2b:
Windshear -
PA.IV.C.R2c:
Tailwind -
PA.IV.C.R2d:
Wake turbulence -
PA.IV.C.R2e:
Takeoff surface/condition
-
-
PA.IV.C.R3:
Abnormal operations, to include planning for:-
PA.IV.C.R3a:
Rejected takeoff -
PA.IV.C.R3b:
Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
-
-
PA.IV.C.R4:
Collision hazards -
PA.IV.C.R5:
Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) -
PA.IV.C.R6:
Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation
Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL) Skills:
The applicant exhibits the skill to:-
PA.IV.C.S1:
Complete the appropriate checklist(s) -
PA.IV.C.S2:
Make radio calls as appropriate -
PA.IV.C.S3:
Verify assigned/correct runway -
PA.IV.C.S4:
Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators -
PA.IV.C.S5:
Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable -
PA.IV.C.S6:
Clear the area, maintain necessary flight control inputs, taxi into takeoff position and align the airplane on the runway centerline without stopping, while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff power -
PA.IV.C.S7:
Confirm takeoff power and proper engine and flight instrument indications -
PA.IV.C.S8:
Establish and maintain a pitch attitude that transfers the weight of the airplane from the wheels to the wings as rapidly as possible -
PA.IV.C.S9:
Lift off at the lowest possible airspeed and remain in ground effect while accelerating to Vx or Vy, as appropriate -
PA.IV.C.S10:
Establish a pitch attitude for Vx or Vy, as appropriate, and maintain selected airspeed +10/-5 knots during the climb -
PA.IV.C.S11:
Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions -
PA.IV.C.S12:
Maintain Vx or Vy, as appropriate, +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude -
PA.IV.C.S13:
Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb -
PA.IV.C.S14:
Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable
Re-Motivation:
Closure:
- Advise students that this lesson will be used as a starting point for the next lesson
- Assign study materials for the next lesson