Hydraulics:
- A basic hydraulic system consists of: [Figure 1]
-
Hydraulic Reservoir:
- A mineral-based hydraulic fluid is the most widely used type for small aircraft
- This type of hydraulic fluid, a kerosene-like petroleum product, has good lubricating properties, as well as additives to inhibit foaming and prevent the formation of corrosion
- It is chemically stable, has very little viscosity change with temperature, and is dyed for identification
- Since several types of hydraulic fluids are commonly used, an aircraft must be serviced with the type specified by the manufacturer
-
Hydraulic Pumps:
- The hydraulic fluid is pumped through the system to an actuator or servo
-
Hydraulic Filters:
- Filters are necessary to keep the fluid clean
-
Hydraulic Servos:
- A servo is a cylinder with a piston inside that turns fluid power into work and creates the power needed to move an aircraft system or flight control
- Servos can be either single-acting or double-acting, based on the needs of the system
- This means that the fluid can be applied to one or both sides of the servo, depending on the servo type
- A single-acting servo provides power in one direction
-
Hydraulic Selector Valves:
- The selector valve allows the fluid direction to be controlled
- This is necessary for operations such as the extension and retraction of landing gear during which the fluid must work in two different directions
-
Hydraulic Relief Valves:
- The relief valve provides an outlet for the system in the event of excessive fluid pressure in the system
- Forces exert equal pressure on system
- Input smaller than output increases force
- Pumps provide system pressure
- Variable
- Constant: pressure regulators control pressure
- Pressure gauges provide a way to monitor the system
- Relief valves return fluid to the reservoir
- Check valves used for 1 way flow
-
Hydraulic Accumulators:
- Accumulators provide shock absorption for 1 time use
-
Hydraulic Acutators:
- Hydraulic actuators are the mechanical devices that translate hydraulic pressures into mechanical advantages
Private Pilot - Operation of Aircraft Systems Airman Certification Standards:
- To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with the safe operation of systems on the airplane provided for the flight test
- References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM
- Lesson Plan
Operation of Aircraft Systems Knowledge:
The applicant must demonstrate an understanding of:PA.I.G.K1:
Airplane systems, to include: (Note: If K1 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant's knowledge of at least three of the following sub-elements-
PA.I.G.K1a:
Primary flight controls -
PA.I.G.K1a:
Secondary flight controls -
PA.I.G.K1c:
Powerplant and propeller -
PA.I.G.K1d:
Landing gear -
PA.I.G.K1e:
Fuel, oil, and hydraulic -
PA.I.G.K1f:
Electrical -
PA.I.G.K1g:
Avionics -
PA.I.G.K1h:
Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments -
PA.I.G.K1i:
Environmental -
PA.I.G.K1j:
Deicing and anti-icing -
PA.I.G.K1k:
Water Rudders -
PA.I.G.K1l:
Oxygen Systems
-
PA.I.G.K2:
Indications of and procedures for managing system abnormalities or failures
Operation of Aircraft Systems Risk Management:
The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess, and mitigate risks, encompassing:PA.I.G.R1:
Failure to detect system malfunctions or failuresPA.I.G.R2:
Improper management of a system failurePA.I.G.R3:
Failure to monitor and manage automated systems
Operation of Aircraft Systems Skills:
The applicant demonstrates the ability to:PA.I.G.S1:
Operate at least three of the systems listed in K1a through K1l above appropriatelyPA.I.G.S2:
Use appropriate checklists properly
Conclusion:
- Each system incorporates different components to meet the individual needs of different aircraft
- Still looking for something? Continue searching: